- To prepare to use make, you must write a file called the makefile that describes the relationships among files in your program, and the states the commands for updating each file. In a program, typically the executable file is updated from object files, which are in turn made by compiling source files.
- There are two ways of making a file executable: GUI Method: Right-click the file and select Properties. Go to the permissions tab, then tick the box Execute: Allow executing file as program or in Nautilus Program: Allow this file to run as a program in Thunar. Terminal / Command method: You can either use: cd /to/my/required/directory.
Create a new file. Nano file Opens a Terminal file editor. You can make changes to your files right from the Terminal. Cp file Copy a file to a directory. Cp file Copy a file to the current directory with the name given as rm file Remove a file completely. This will remove it completely from the system so be. You can start a script session by just typing script in the terminal, all the subsequent commands and their outputs will all be saved in a file named typescript in the current directory. You can save the result to a different file too by just starting script like: script output.txt. Terminal may refer to any of the following. The terminal is an interface that allows you to access the command line. To open the terminal on an Apple computer, click the terminal icon (shown to the right) on your Dock.
Setting up folders is cool, but a folder without any contents is as useful as a box with nothing in it!
Now that you're familiar with creating folders via the command line, It is time to fill those folders with files.
We will stick with the format of the last chapter, meaning we will show one example of creating files without code in them and the other with code. This way, even if you are not a programmer already, you can have an appreciation of why folders and files are useful for programmers as well!
Maybe the code-based example will even motivate you to take your next steps as a coder!
Creating files
Non-code example
In the last chapter, you created a folder structure for school coursework. This folder was called second semester. As a little exercise in the previous chapter, you also created folders inside the second semester folder for each course (art history, biology, etc).
As you can imagine, different courses will require different kinds of files inside. For example, a humanities class like art history might require an end of term paper. This file is likely to be a text file. 🎨 Maybe the biology class will require research and findings from this semester! This file is likely to be a spreadsheet. 🐢
You can create all types of files from the command line itself.
This is much faster than creating the file individually via different applications like Microsoft Excel or a word processor and running 'Save As.'
Let's first work with the art history example. If you use the command cd to move into the 'Art history' directory, you can then use a command called touch to create a file for our end-of-term paper.
Touch is a fairly creepy sounding command, but here's what it does:
tells your system to look for a certain file
If the file not already exist, your system will create that file for you.
In this case, let's create a file called term-paper.txt .
Be sure to check that you are creating the file in the 'Art history' directory. If you're ever unsure of exactly where you are, remember that you can run the pwd command anytime to show you the folder that you're currently in.
The command will look like this:
It's as simple as that! Now if you look back in Finder, you will be able to see that this file has been created inside your 'Art history' folder. It is currently empty, but you can open it at anytime from Terminal to edit the contents as you normally would:
Now it's time to create a second file. This second file will be in the Biology folder. This means we have to change directories to the Biology folder!
You can put into practice changing directories to move up one level. Two dots represent the parent directory of the directory where you are currently, so you can cd . to move up one level in your folder structure.
Two dots (.) always symbolize a parent directory! This means if I'm in a folder, but I want to move up to the folder that contains my current folder, I run cd . regardless of what that folder's name is.
At this point, you would be back in the 'Second semester' directory.
Now, you can type cd Biology to move into the Biology directory. From here, you can write the same touch command with the name of the file you want to create and the file extension.
CSV is simply a file extension for structured data sets. Don't worry if you're not familiar with it already.
Here is what the whole series of commands looks like:
Notice that upon running open research-findings.csv, the file opens automatically in Microsoft Excel. Terminal is smart enough to know which application should open which file type. 👍
You can even see the contents of a file from the command line using a command called cat plus the filename. For example cat ~/Documents/Art history/term-paper.txt would show the text contents of my art history term paper.
Code example
In the previous chapter, you saw how to create a basic folder structure for a static website. There was a CSS folder and a folder for images.
However, both are empty. Let's add a file!
Once in the project directory, you will create an empty HTML file. This file is typically the most fundamental page of any basic code project. HTML files are where the structure of the webpage will live and where you define paragraphs or headers, where you want elements like navigation bars, or how text should be formatted.
No worries if you don't know HTML yet! This is just a demo to give you a peek into a programmer workflow. 😅
Run touch plus the name of the file -- index.html -- to create it:
Now, by typing ls, you can see the project contains a CSS folder, a folder for images, and a file called index.html. We'll come back to this file in a second.
Let's cd into the css directory and create another file here. This new file will have a different extension than the others we've created so far: it won't be .txt, nor .csv. nor .html. It will be .css because it will hold CSS code!
I'm naming these files according to standard HTML and CSS traditions. You can read more about the HTML5 boilerplate here.
I can even open the HTML file in my browser to preview my file contents:
You now have a sense of how versatile and streamlined file creation is from the command line. It's much faster than creating files individually via different applications like Word.
You just have to know the name of your file and the extension you want, and you can save yourself a lot of time and totally avoid the Save As process within different applications.
In the next chapter, you'll see how to move around and copy some of this content you've created.
In this tutorial, I will show you how to create a file from a Linux terminal. There are many text editors like (vim, nano, vi) and many commands like (cat, echo, printf, touch) to create a file in the Linux operating system via command line. Here will explain the following linux tools.
1) Create a file with touch command
We will use touch command with any extension to create file, this command will create an empty file touch.txt Markup text editor. in your current directory as an example below.
To see the file type command below.
2) Create a file with cat command
We will use cat command to create file, this command will create an empty file cat.txt in your current directory as an example below, but you must add text in the file.
Add the text below.
To save the file hit Ctrl + d, and to see the file type command below.
To open the file, we will use cat command to open it.
3) Create a file with echo command
We will use echo command to create file, this command will create a file echo.txt in your current directory as an example below, but you should add text in the line command.
Mac Terminal Make File Executable
To see the file,type command below.
To open the file, we will use cat command to open it.
4) Create a file with printf command
We will use printf command to create file, this command will create a file printf.txt in your current directory as an example below, but you should add text in the line command.
To see the file type command below.
To open the file, we will use cat command to open it.
5) Create a file with nano text editor
To create a file using nano text editor, first install it, after that type command below and the text editor will be opened to adding text.
Add the text below.
To save the file type Ctrl + x and type y, to see the file type command below.
To open the file, We will use nano command to open it.
6) Create a file with vi text editor
To create a file using vi text editor, type command below and the text editor will open the file, but you can't add any text before converting it to insert mode by typing i character.
Add the text below.
To save the file and exit hit Esc after that :wq, To see the file type command below.
To open the file, we will use vi command to open it.
7) Create a file with vim text editor
To create a file using vim text editor, type command below and the text editor will open the file, but you can't add any text before converting it to insert mode by typing i character.
Add the text below.
To save the file and exit hit Esc after that :wq, to see the file type command below.
Terminal Make File Executable
To open the file, we will use vim command to open it.
Terminal Make File Executable
Conclusion
This tutorial we learned the different ways to create a file from Linux terminal. Hope you enjoyed reading and please leave your comments in the below comment section. Macos mojave image file. Skyrim online ps3 release date.
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